Yield Management in Hotels

Yield Management in Hotels Assessment of the idea and method of yield the executives utilized in the lodging business today Examination of the idea of yield the executives in the thriving inn industry is very fundamental in getting most extreme yields from this industry. I will begin by clarifying in much subtleties what we mean by yield the executives particularly in the inn business. To be exact, this term by and large alludes to an action incredibly utilized in the housing and transportation enterprises trying to expand profit.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Yield Management in Hotels explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is commonly a measure to soar incomes and the benefits. It alludes to a technique that manages foundation of various costs for the administrations that are the equivalent and afterward ensuing portion of these administrations in a way that builds the income. Inside an inn set up, there ought to be a fundamental method of room portion for a given peri od. This measure will guarantee that there are numerous choices regarding evaluating. This will result into responsibility for all the rooms found in that specific inn (Kumar 2010). Yield the executives idea has never been new to hoteliers. Both staff with much understanding and those with little experience do this training. They do this with an ability that is variable. They foresee request that is generally speaking for given periods like days, weeks or even years. Income/yield the executives is typically an order that is financial in nature. It is regularly applicable to a horde of enterprises that offer help to customers. For this situation, administration sections in the market estimating are added to investigate insights. This improves extension of the market for an expansion in the income or yield per every unit of limit. Anticipating of interest describes the executives of yields in inns. It uses ideal strategies in the assurance of solicitations on booking to consent to the goal of boosting benefit. About all primary inn networks like Hilton practice basic or compound yield the executives strategies. This is to guarantee support of control frameworks in the stock. These inns have concocted their own equipment and programming estimations joined with corporate frameworks in screening of the market revenue driven augmentation (Ismael 2002). Procedures utilized in inns to boost inhabitance and most extreme rate to accomplish greatest income In request to augment benefits, genuine hoteliers give a ton of consideration to the accompanying key zones: Bookings, income, and clients. By and large, they are the top and key territories for the hotelier to guarantee benefit augmentation. The hotelier should put the above things into reality so as to make them substantial and functional.Advertising Looking for report on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They additionally require a lo t of compelling methodologies, which can function admirably on all parts of activities in a lodging. These procedures can be applied in deals, benefit the executives, and showcasing. In this manner, coming up next are the procedures that hoteliers need to place into application to guarantee most extreme yields (Jagels 2006). One, they require to rehearse what we call income the executives system. It is significant for hoteliers to have a viable and productive benefit the executives methodology. This is to guarantee that the endeavor is basic in the much serious market of today. A decent framework additionally guarantees that supervisors abstain from controlling costs and other significant factors in a way that is proactive rather than a way that is receptive. The subsequent technique is a procedure whereby lodging chiefs overlook totally about the PC set framework. They ought to thusly grasp the online set framework. Overlooking the conventional PC set framework totally is inescapab le for them. The attention ought to be on the correlation of their cost with that of every one of their rivals inside a given goal. Through ownership of the entire picture, there would be an ascent in their ability as far as age of appointments that are exceptionally high. The third system is the procedure called, â€Å"Go fourth and integrate†. Joining is significant in expanding efficiencies of all activities in the lodging. Rather than utilizing various frameworks or even instruments that can't correspond with one another, they should utilize a progressively merged framework. Establishing this framework dodges that situation. It ought to be a lot of easy to use and should give high enhancement adaptability regarding estimating. There ought to likewise be a conveyance that is on the web and a website page that is serious as far as situating and control of the stock (Jagels 2006). Another procedure put into utilization is having a booking channel that is new. This gets conce ivable through getting your versatile on. Hoteliers ought to consider thinking of a site called versatile Commerce. In this specific site, clients can quickly get to the inn and the data they require. They can legitimately book from their individual cell phones. This saves money on cost and time.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Yield Management in Hotels explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More There ought to likewise be legitimate administration of various directs in the lodging. Inns ought to guarantee accessibility of room stock that is available for purchasing in all channels. These channels are regularly accessible. So as to allure the clients to go to their particular lodgings, the rates over all the accessible systems ought to be equivalent. The utilization and job of innovation in yield the executives in lodgings Systems of innovation upgrade inn partners with strategies to improve deals and income. Legitimate administration of income typical ly guarantees upgrades in overall revenues. Through development of a specific feast into its constituent segments, a director may become acquainted with precisely the specific frameworks to place into application at a provided stage so as to give the most elevated income edges in a given lodging. In innovation appropriation, it is consistently vital for the chiefs to complete investigation in fund. This will help in deciding if the expense of innovation will be more noteworthy than that during the period the business started. This is reflected as far as upgrades in income. Given that money related science is positive, the lodging the board should consider comes back to both the inn clients and workers. They should likewise factor in the issue of customer and representatives sees. This ought to be as far as utility in innovation and their simplicity as far as use. In without these significant verbalizations set up, innovation will be at a state of having little accomplishment in spit e of what amount promising the money related advantage might be. â€Å"The most recent eTRACK Full Year 2009 report on lodging appointments exhibited that today, online channel is the sole divert of development in the friendliness business (Jagels 2006, p.39). This improves moving from disconnected to online appointments in the inn business as a result of diminishing voice channels. Innovation at Hilton Hotel Corporation Hilton Hotel Corporation runs a chain of lodgings in practically all landmasses on the planet. It is thusly an overall undertaking in the lodging business. In May 2003, it concocted an IT framework that they called OnQ (Cuneo 2003) The Hilton thought about that there was have to hold onto innovation as their future budgetary flourishing regarding overall revenues relied upon it. The top administration perceived the way that to keep developing, innovation was unavoidable. OnQ had the option to coordinate all the workplace tasks. There was an activity to give picture profiles of inn clients to the lodging laborers. The visitor profile was an incorporation of customer’s late stays and a composition of any troubles the client may have experienced.Advertising Searching for report on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Different advancements utilized at the Hilton incorporate PCs, cell phones and numerous others. The two clients and inn staff make calls with regards to booking of rooms. PCs are typically utilized in information section and recording. The lodging staff enters client subtleties into their database to screen the client remain at the inn office. It is additionally significant for the inn the executives to guarantee that there is security observation. This is to improve client wellbeing during their stay inside the lodging premises. Computerized cameras establishment inside the rooms and at vital focuses inside the inn building guarantees perception of every movement that happen inside the inn. If there should be an occurrence of a wrongdoing being carried out inside the lodging premises, it will be simple for inn staff to set up under which conditions the wrongdoing happened. All in all, without grasping innovation with two hands, partners in the inn sub segment will keep on detailing a lessening in incomes. Innovation is in this way a prickly issue that inn the board must be enthused about to guarantee yield the board (Cross 1997). Reference List Cross, R., 1997. Income Management: Hard-Core Tactics for Market Domination. New York, NY: Broadway Books. Cuneo, E., 2003. Hilton’s $50 Million Answer. second ed. Chicago: John Hopkins Publishers. Jagels, R., 2006. Accommodation Management Accounting. New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.. Ismael, A., 2002. Front Office Operators and Management. New York: Thomson Delmar. Kumar, E., 2010. Promoting Of Hospitality and Tourism. New York: Thomson Delmar.

Qulity Managment Essay Example

Qulity Managment Essay Quality Management for Organizational Excellence Lecture/Presentation Notes By: Dr. David L. Goetsch and Stanley Davis Based on the book Quality Management for Organizational Excellence (7Th Edition) Presented By; Dr. Rania A. M Shamah Associate Professor of Business Administration 1 One: The Total Quality Approach to Quality Management MAJOR TOPICS †¢ What is Quality? †¢ The Total Quality Approach Defined †¢ Two Views of Quality †¢ Key Elements of Total Quality †¢ Total Quality Pioneers †¢ Keys to Total Quality Success †¢ How is Six Sigma Achieved? †¢ The Future of Quality Management 2 One: The Total Quality Approach to Quality Management ? Quality has been characterized in various manners. ? When seen from a consumer’s viewpoint, it implies meeting or surpassing client desires. ? Quality is a unique state related with items, administrations, individuals, procedures, and situations that meets or surpasses desires. ? Complete quality is a way to deal with working together that endeavors to expand an organization’s intensity through the consistent improvement of the nature of its ? items, administrations, individuals, procedures, and situations. 3 The Consequences of Poor Quality Loss of business ? Efficiency ? Costs Benefits of Good Quality ? Improved notoriety for quality ? Capacity to order more significant expenses ? Expanded piece of the pie ? More prominent client faithfulness ? Lower risk costs ? Less creation or administration issues ? Higher benefits 4 Responsibility for Quality ? Everybody in the association has some obligation regarding quali ty, yet certain zones of the association are engaged with exercises that make them key territories of duty. ? Top administration ? Structure ? Obtainment ? Creation/tasks ? Quality confirmation ? Bundling and delivery ? Advertising and deals ? We will compose a custom paper test on Qulity Managment explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Qulity Managment explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Qulity Managment explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Client assistance 5 Costs of Quality ? Disappointment costs acquired by flawed parts/items or defective administrations. †¢ Internal Failure Costs †¢ Costs caused to fix issues that are recognized before the item/administration is conveyed to the client. †¢ External Failure Costs †¢ All expenses brought about to fix issues that are distinguished after the item/administration is conveyed to the client †¢ Appraisal Costs †¢ Costs of exercises intended to guarantee quality or reveal deserts All TQ preparing, TQ arranging, client evaluation, process control, and quality improvement expenses to keep absconds from happening Prevention Costs †¢ 6 Ethics and Quality ? Inadequate work †¢ Defective items Substandard help Poor plans Shoddy workmanship Substandard parts and materials Having information on this and neglecting to address and report it in a convenient way is dishonest. 7 Total Quality Management T Q M ? A way of thinking that includes everybo dy in an association in a consistent exertion to improve quality and accomplish consumer loyalty. ? Complete quality isn't only one individual idea. ? It is various related ideas arranged to make an extensive way to deal with working together. Numerous individuals contributed in important manners to the advancement of the different ideas that are referred to on the whole as absolute quality TQM Approach 1. Discover what the client needs 2. Plan an item or administration that meets or surpasses client needs 3. Configuration forms that encourage carrying out the responsibility right the first run through 4. Monitor results 5. Broaden these ideas all through the gracefully chain 8 TQM Elements 1. Consistent improvement 2. Serious benchmarking 3. Worker strengthening 4. Group approach 5. Choice dependent on reality, not supposition 6. Information on instruments 7. Provider quality 8. Champion 9. Quality at the source 10. Providers are accomplices in the process 9 Continuous Improvement ? Consistent Improvement †¢ Philosophy that tries to make ceaseless enhancements to the way toward changing over contributions to yields †¢ Kaizen †¢ Japanese word for constant improvement. Quality at the Source ? The way of thinking of making every laborer liable for the nature of their work †¢ â€Å"Do it right† and â€Å"If it isn’t right, fix it† 10 The Total Quality Approach Defined Total Quality: What It Is and How It Is Achieved ? Key attributes of the all out quality methodology are as per the following: deliberately based, client center, fixation on quality, logical methodology, long haul responsibility, cooperation, representative association and strengthening, consistent procedure improvement, Each component is clarified on slides (12-14) ? The reason for complete quality can be found in the need to contend in the worldwide commercial center. ? Nations that are contending effectively in the worldwide commercial center are seeing their nature of living improve. ? Those that can't are seeing theirs decay. 11 The Total Quality Approach Defined All out Quality: What It Is and How It Is Achieved Key attributes of the all out quality methodology are as per the following: ? Deliberately based ? All out quality associations have a far reaching key arrangement that contains at any rate the accompanying components: vision, crucial, targets, and exercises that must be finished to achieve the expansive destinations. ? The vital arrangement for an all out quality association is intended to give it an economical upper hand in the commercial center. ? Client Focus ? In a complete quality setting, the client is the driver. This applies to both interior and outer clients. ? Fixation on Quality ? This implies all work force at all levels approach all parts of the activity from the point of view of How would we be able to do this better? At the point when an association is fixated on quality, adequate is rarely sufficient. 12 The Total Quality Approach Defined Total Quality: What It Is and How It Is Achieved Key attributes of the complete quality methodology are as per the following: ? Logical Approach ? While the facts confirm that relationship building abilities, contribution, and strengthening are significant in an all out quality setting, they speak to just a piece of the condition. Another significant piece of the condition is the utilization of the logical methodology in organizing work and in dynamic and critical thinking that identifies with the work. ? Long haul Commitment ? Associations that actualize the executives advancements in the wake of going to transient workshops regularly bomb in their underlying endeavor to embrace the all out quality methodology. ? This is on the grounds that they approach absolute quality as simply one more administration development as opposed to all in all better approach for working together that requires an entirely different corporate culture. 13 The Total Quality Approach Defined Complete Quality: What It Is and How It Is Achieved ? Collaboration ? Inner rivalry will in general use vitality that ought to be centered around improving quality, and, thus, outside intensity. ? Persistent Improvement of Systems ? So as to constantly improve the nature of items or administrations: which is a principal objective in a complete quality setting. ? It is important to consistently improve frameworks. ? Consistent Process Improvement ? Items are created and benefits are conveyed by individuals utilizing forms inside conditions (frameworks). To ceaselessly improve the nature of items and administrations which is a principal objective in an all out quality setting-it is important to consistently improve the procedures that make up the organization’s frameworks. 14 Three-Legged Stool of Total Quality Measures ? Factual procedure control ? Benchmarking ? Quality devices People ? Quality is worked in ? Quality is normal not investigated ? Representatives are enabled Pro cesses ? Ceaseless improvement ? â€Å"Good enough† is never sufficient 15 Perceived Quality Word of Mouth Personal Needs Expected Quality Past Experience Quality Dimensions ? ? ? ? ? Unwavering quality Responsiveness Assurance Empathy Tangibles Quality Assessment 1. Desires surpassed ESPS (Unacceptable Quality) 16 Perceived Quality Defining Quality is Satisfactory.. Measurements of Quality †¢ Reliability: The capacity to Perform guaranteed administration constantly and precisely. †¢ Responsiveness: Willingness to support clients and to offer brief assistance. †¢ Assurance: The information and civility of workers just as their capacity to pass on trust and certainty. †¢ Empathy: The arrangement of caring , individualized consideration regarding clients. Capacity to be agreeable. †¢ Tangibles: The presence of Physical offices gear, staff, and ommunication materials.. 17 Quality Gap Model Customer Perceptions Managing the Evidence Communication GAP 4 Customer Satisfaction GAP 5 Customer Expectations Customer/Marketing Research GAP 1 Understanding the Customer Service Delivery Management Perceptions of Customer Expectations Design GAP 2 Conformance GAP 3 Conformance Service Standards Product Design 18 C ustomer Satisfaction †¢ All clients need to be fulfilled. †¢ Customer reliability is just because of the absence of a superior option †¢ Giving clients some additional worth will enchant them by surpassing their desires and guarantee their arrival 19

Schizophrenia Treatment Medication, Therapy, and More

Schizophrenia Treatment Medication, Therapy, and More Schizophrenia Print How Schizophrenia Is Treated By Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP twitter linkedin Jodi Clarke, LPC/MHSP is a licensed professional counselor and mental health service provider with over 20 years of experience in the field. Learn about our editorial policy Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 28, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2019 Schizophrenia Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand Medications Psychotherapy Invasive Procedures Complementary & Alternative Medicine Where to Find Treatment View All If you have been diagnosed with schizophrenia, you might be wondering what to do next. The great news is that there are a variety of treatment options available. An important part of this journey is to explore your options and begin treatment quickly after diagnosis. This can help get your healing and management process going sooner than later, bringing you a sense of direction and relief. Verywell / Cindy Chung   Medications Antipsychotic medications reduce the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia and other mental illnesses, usually allowing a person to function more effectively and appropriately. The first generation of antipsychotic medications, known as typical antipsychotics, were introduced in the 1950s to treat psychosis.?? Antipsychotic drugs are the best treatment for schizophrenia right now, but they dont cure schizophrenia or ensure that there will be no further psychotic episodes. Dosages The choice and dosage of medication can be made only by a qualified physician who is well trained in the medical treatment of mental disorders. The dosage of medication is individualized for each patient, since people may vary a great deal in the amount of drug needed to reduce symptoms without producing troublesome side effects. It is important to be patient with yourself and your providers as you learn what works well for your personalized treatment. Side Effects Antipsychotic drugs can have unwanted effects along with their beneficial effects. Typical antipsychotics, which include drugs like Haldol and Thorazine, are known to increase the risk of extrapyramidal side effects, which affect movement and speech.?? Side effects of antipsychotic medications include: DrowsinessRestlessnessMuscle spasmsTremorDry mouthBlurred vision Most of these symptoms can be corrected by lowering the dosage or controlled by other medications. Different patients have different treatment responses and side effects to various antipsychotic drugs. Talk with your doctor about your experiences at each visit so they can better understand your responses to medications and make adjustments to help. Atypical Antipsychotics A number of new antipsychotic drugs (the so-called atypical antipsychotics) have been introduced since 1990. The first, clozapine (Clozaril), has been shown to be more effective than other antipsychotics, although the possibility of severe side effects requires that patients be monitored with blood tests every one or two weeks. After a year of stable white blood counts, blood can be drawn monthly.?? The newer antipsychotic drugs are safer regarding tardive dyskinesia (TD) â€" an involuntary movement disorder â€" but many of the atypical drugs are more likely to contribute to metabolic side effects such as weight gain, increased glucose and lipids. Atypical antipsychotics include the following: INVEGA (paliperidone): This option is available in three different formulationsâ€"an extended-release tablet and long-acting injectables (INVEGA SUSTENNA and INVEGA TRINZA)Risperdal (risperidone)Abilify (aripiprazole)Seroquel (quetiapine)Zyprexa (olanzapine) Concerns About Medication Patients and families sometimes become worried about the antipsychotic medications used to treat schizophrenia. In addition to concern about side effects, they may worry that such drugs could lead to addiction. Antipsychotic medications do not produce a high and are not habit-forming, nor do they lead to addictive behavior in people who take them. Another misconception about antipsychotic drugs is that they act as a kind of mind control  or a chemical straitjacket. Antipsychotic drugs used in the appropriate way do not knock out people or take away their free will. Compliance Making sure that you are taking your medications consistently can be referred to as medication compliance.?? As easy as it may sound to take medication regularly as scheduled, medication compliance is often one of the largest challenges of long-term treatment for schizophrenia. Because of these challenges, new treatment options have become available that help make it easier for people to take their medications as prescribed. Long-acting injectables (LAI) are given to patients through and injection.?? These injections can be given every few weeks to few months, which help people experience more consistent, long-term, symptom relief. Psychotherapy Therapy is an important part of treatment for schizophrenia. Often you will find that mental health professionals work closely with psychiatrists to help make sure treatment methods are effective. For example, when someones medication is working effectively, they are often better able to discuss and process during their therapy sessions. Individual Therapy One of the most researched models of therapy used in the treatment of schizophrenia is cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT. This model of psychotherapy addresses the connection between thoughts and behaviors, helping people to learn more about how negative patterns of thought about themselves and the world influence their decision making. Since insights like this are not often present in those with schizophrenia, cognitive behavioral therapy can help clients gain a greater sense of empowerment in regulating their emotions and behaviors. Speaking openly and honestly with your doctor is a great first step in understanding and ultimately managing your symptoms. Schizophrenia Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF Family Therapy Unfortunately, family members are often uninformed about what the condition is and how to help a loved one through the treatment process. Family therapy can be a key component of the treatment process, since it can offer space for healing of family dynamics that may have been impacted by the condition. That time can also be used for gathering information about schizophrenia, how to navigate challenges together and how to better express and meet needs of all involved. Group Therapy Support from peers can be a wonderful addition to the treatment process. Group therapy is space that allows people to safely share their experiences with schizophrenia, the challenges they are facing and what seems to be helping. Sharing information and feedback helps to remove a sense of isolation that can often be experienced. They can also create meaningful connections with peers, learning how to develop and maintain relationships along the way. Social Skills Training Because they experience psychotic features such as delusions and hallucinations, it can feel unclear to the person what is real and what isnt. That same uncertainty can be felt with interpersonal relationships as well, creating unhealthy dynamics between themselves and others. Learning the building blocks of relationships can help people better navigate interpersonal dynamics in their family lives, their social circles and possibly even in work settings. How to Find the Best Therapist for Your Mental Health Invasive Procedures When existing treatment methods dont seem to be working effectively to help control symptoms, your doctor may suggest a procedure called deep brain stimulation. This is considered an invasive procedure because it involves surgery for the placement of neurostimulator. Electrical impulses are then able to be administered to certain parts of the brain through wired in that device that can help control symptoms without causing damage. Complementary Alternative Medicine Animal Assisted Therapy As with other conditions, animal assisted therapy (AAT) can help ease and manage some of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Anhedonia, which refers to not experiencing joy or pleasure, is a common symptom of schizophrenia.?? Research has found that, in trials using animal assisted therapy as part of treatment, patients rated higher levels of pleasurable feelings than those who did not participate in the animal assisted treatment group. Dietary Supplements Some nutritional supplements have been found to have a positive impact on symptoms experienced with schizophrenia. Although there are many factors continuing to be researched in this area, some of the vitamins and nutritional supplements that have been shown promising in the treatment protocol for schizophrenia have included things like: Vitamin BOmega-3 fatty acidsAmino acidsMelatoninAntioxidants It is important to note that, although the use of these supplements have shown promise in research, it is best to speak with your doctor before taking them to make sure you are not at risk for things like medication interactions or other things that could slow or stop your progress. CBD Oil Cannabidiol is an ingredient in the marijuana plant that has also shown promise in managing symptoms of schizophrenia. Some people may be worried that they will experience a high using CBD oil as you would smoking marijuana, but this is not true. The ingredient that would make you feel high and have that psychoactive component is called tetrahydrocannabinol or THC. THC is removed from CBD oil so you may experience relief from symptoms without worries about being in an altered state. Where to Find Treatment If you experience symptoms of schizophrenia it is best to speak with your doctor. They may want to do blood work and run tests to make sure the symptoms are not being caused by another medical condition. From there you can meet with a psychiatrist or other qualified mental health practitioner to discuss what you are experiencing. Keep in mind that you may need to be evaluated extensively to make sure that the diagnosis is accurate. This evaluation process involves meeting with you to talk about your experiences, as well as meeting with a spouse or other family members to gather collateral information. Find Help With One of the Best Online Therapy Programs Levels of Care Treatment can involve outpatient, intensive outpatient or residential treatment programs. The level of care that is best for your situation will be determined by the personal conducting your evaluation. There are trained professionals who specialize in the treatment of schizophrenia at each level of care. If you are unsure of where to find treatment providers, it is best to start by asking your doctor for local or regional referral options. A Word From Verywell It is important to be patient with yourself and your treatment team during this process. As much as we want the symptoms to subside, everyone has a different experience of what treatment methods work well for them and what doesnt seem to work well. Part of your treatment journey will be to explore and discover the methods that work best for you and your symptoms. Being compliant with your treatment plan is important for overall success. This means doing things like: Taking medication consistentlyAttending your appointments regularlyActively participating in counseling and group therapyLetting your doctor know what you are experiencingAsking your support group for help if neededBeing patient with yourself and your providersReminding yourself that this is a journey Even if the path feels challenging, remember there are plenty of things you can do to help the process go more smoothly. The main thing is to be patient and talk with your doctor about your experiences. They need to understand your symptoms in order to help develop a treatment plan that works well for you. Coping With Schizophrenia

Four Powerful Women in Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck ...

One of the most important attributes seldom attributed to women is the innate ability to keep the family as a cohesive whole. Women are the rock in the midst of familial turmoil, the solid foundation on which a husband or head of a household can stand firm. Fully assured that womanhood will stand back of the ranks and take care of domestic needs. Women have qualities that keep the family strong, these unique attributes can divided into several standards. One being the physical aspect of â€Å"mother† nature, two virginity representing the religious type of the standard, three is the young bitch who represent the physical state while four is the old bitch who also has a spiritual side of the woman standard. In the Grapes of Wrath by J.†¦show more content†¦Though it goes unsaid it is recognized and a known fact that, â€Å"ma was powerful in the group† and they often times consulted her in times of big decision making endeavors (133). She was often sought by th e men in the family know how to react in certain situations. Steinbeck used the clichà ©, â€Å"When mama is happy, everybody is happy†. If Ma was unhappy the whole family was unhappy. Ma understood this clichà © well enough to know that she must control her reaction and emotions. . Mas ...full face was not soft; it was controlled kindly because she knows she is the role model in her family. When Tom left to go to jail, she had to control her real feelings toward missing him because she doesnt want the family to be upset as well. Al explains to Tom she mourned when you was gone. Done it all to herself. Kinda cryin down inside of her through. We could tell what she was thinkin about, though they knew how she was felling even though she tried to hide it (227). Ma’s dream is to see her family live in happiness and prosper though it is not in her control. To let your kids live on their own and make their own decisions is the hardest thing for a mother to do. Maâ€⠄¢s true character is shown when she allows Rose of Sharon to make her own decision: â€Å"Mas eyes passed Rose of Sharons eyes, and then came back to them. And the two women looked deep into each other.Show MoreRelatedGrapes of Wrath and of Mice and Men: Character Study991 Words   |  4 PagesGrapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men: Character Study The American Novelist, John Steinbeck was a powerful writer of dramatic stories about good versus bad. His own views on writing were that not only should a writer make the story sound good but also the story written should teach a lesson. In fact, Steinbeck focused many of his novels, not on average literary themes rather he tended to relay messages about the many hard truths of life in The United States. Upon winning the Nobel Peace PrizeRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1476 Words   |  6 Pages1930’s based upon the hardship and rough times of the great depression. It was written by Nobel prize winning novelist John Steinbeck. Steinbeck’s life influenced his literature, as he was in identical situations as the character he describes in his novel. Steinbeck was a migrant worker who also conveniently grew up on a ranch. He also wrote another book called ‘The Grapes of Wrath’ during this time period. We can imagine that his own experiences were influential to the context of his novel. The purposeRead MoreBook Report/Character Analysis on the Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights by John Steinbeck5483 Words   |  22 Pages------------------------------------------------- The Acts of King Arthur and His ------------------------------------------------- Noble Knights ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- By John Steinbeck ------------------------------------------------- Part One: Plot The first section of the book is entitled Merlin. The story begins by telling how Arthur came to be born and then flows into the life of ArthurRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 PagesAmerican / American Indian oral literature / oral tradition creation storiesï ¼Ë†Ã¨ µ ·Ã¦ º Ã§ ¥Å¾Ã¨ ¯ Ã¯ ¼â€° trickster talesï ¼Ë†Ã¦  ¶Ã¤ ½Å"å‰ §Ã¨â‚¬â€¦Ã¤ ¼  Ã¥ ¥â€¡Ã¯ ¼â€° rituals / ceremoniesï ¼Ë†Ã¥â€¦ ¸Ã¤ » ªÃ¯ ¼â€° songs / chantsï ¼Ë†Ã¦â€º ²Ã¨ ¯ Ã¯ ¼â€° Anglo Settlers’ Writings Highly religious and pragmatic - John Smith, founder of Jamestown, Virginia; Pocahontas - John Winthrop, â€Å"A Model of Christian Charity†: â€Å"†¦ We shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  - William Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation (1630-50, pub. 1856) - Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672)

Reducing Employee Turnover Free Essay Example, 1500 words

The feeling was great but what was I thinking? As a matter of fact, I thought I had been privileged rather than thinking I had been appointed because I was the best the management of the organization would get. Again, I did not think the position had been given to me to be something I was to try my hands on. I assume the position with seriousness and understood the task that had been handed to me. There was a problem and I was to solve it. In a bid to put my managerial knowledge in managing affairs in such a large organization, I set off by first setting up a recruitment and selection committee. The committee was made up of three members and me as the head. All members had served in the organization for at least four years. We set off by planning for the whole exercise. As part of our plan and execution of the plan, we placed advertisements in local newspapers. The idea was to attract only people who stayed close to the organization and lived among the people they were to serve. We will write a custom essay sample on Reducing Employee Turnover or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Our greatest attention was with the job description given in the advertisement. As the manager, I ensured that there were a detailed job description and job specification to ensure that people who applied for the job saw them as the right people for the right job. This was to ensure that there was not a situation whereby someone would be selected for the job and later quit because he or she may find it difficult acquainting with the job. After the advertisement, a date was set for the interview. Before this, I had led my team to shortlist candidates for the interview. The main criteria for shortlisting were the academic qualification and work experience. After the shortlisting, selected candidates were given prior notice of the interview within a reasonable time to prepare. At the interview, the individual candidates met members of the interview committee who were five (5) in number. The number of interview committee was made to be of the sizable am ount in other to ensure that selection was done based on consensus or majority decision. It also gave the opportunity for questions asked to be diverse and broad.

Introduced to a child Free Essays

When we first are Introduced to a child, we have to assess them to understand which bevel of language we are going to use with them, we would not say to a 6 month old baby, ‘Hello, how are you, what have you been doing today, what would you like for dinner et. We must use lots of facial expressions and soften our tone of voice and use shorter sentences, we tend to speak slower as well so we say ‘Hellos’ with a big smile on our face when speaking to a baby. If we are showing a baby something when we are speaking to them we should point also to help them understand what we are saying to them. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduced to a child or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rhetorical questions are not real questions as the person asking the question as such, also answer it, so we might say to a baby would you like your nap now, Oh yes you would, you look very tired’ or you would like your bottle of milk now, wouldn’t you’. It allows us to speak and communicate with a baby or toddler who will not answer our questions but it is a way of us using speech, language and communication on a daily basis, helping to be part of the day and feel involved. Using eye contact and smiling the response it usually positive and received back with a mile or babble. Closed questions should not be used all the time, only when a yes or no answer Is needed, we must ensure we still use all others areas through out the day, we can use a closed questions Like ‘have you finished your lunch’ ‘do you need help with your shoes’. Closed question should not be used on babies, but can be used on young even able to shake or nod their head. Sometimes if a child is upset or does not know you (their first settling in), closed questions can be used to help if the child is feeling anxious and does not want to hold a conversation with you, obviously this is something you do not want happening every day and the child should start to speak and say words to you. Open questions prompt a child to give a longer answer and are needed to develop their speech and language skills. So asking questions like ‘what shall we do today’ ‘what shall we have for lunch’. A child should not give a yes or no answer in open questions, but hopefully will speak up and answer the questions, sometimes you may et a ‘l don’t no’ answer, but that usually is due to others reasons. Babies will not be able to answer open questions and most of the time only children that feel comfortable with you, so the children that attend you setting for a while and are quite settled. How to cite Introduced to a child, Papers

Theoretical Frameworks

Question: Describe the conceptual and/or theoretical frameworks used by the authors. Compare and contrast how your topic relates to each of those frameworks used. Answer: Business Impact on Learning 1. General Impact of Learning on Performance From the article of Evaluation and Social Impact Measurement Amongst Small to Medium Social Enterprises: Process, Purpose and Value by Jo Barraket and Nina Yousefpour; it can be analyzed that Social Impact Measurement and reporting by the Social Enterprises are efficiently used in order to improve the performance, accessing the organization resources and thereby rebuilding the organization legitimacy. According to our research article, this concept does not support the idea efficiently. This is because this article mainly focuses towards challenges associated with the social impacts of an enterprise. Hence, it can be analyzed that this model has a minimal role with the learning perspective related to an organization (Karlan Valdivia, 2011). According to the research article of Evaluation of Corporate Performances (Cp) In Public Health Service Organizations (Phso) In Eastern Province Of Sri Lanka Using Balanced Score Card (BSc): A Conceptual Study by Ismail, Prof. Velnampy; it can be analyzed that performance is evaluated by using firm size and profitability. This model is highly applicable to the current research topic. This is because the impact of learning in a workplace is precisely analyzed in this article. The factors of productivity, profitability, employee relations and customer performances are explicitly examined in this section, which remains the fundamental theme of the main article (vanRooij Merkebu, 2015). In the third section, i.e. Measuring the Impact of Learning Organization on Job Satisfaction and Individual Performance in Greek Advertising Sector by Paraskevi Dekoulou and Panagiotis Trivellas; it can be analyzed that the researcher has emphasized on the concept of job satisfaction and job performance as the most significant outcomes associated with an individual and an organization. This concept is highly acceptable as the researcher can quickly focus towards job satisfaction, which is the ultimate consequence of actual performance by an employee. Finally, in the last article, i.e. Measuring the Business Impact of Employee Learning: A View From the Professional Services Sector by Shahron Williams van Rooij and Jerusalem Merkebu, it can be analyzed that various Evaluation models targeting the decision makers use several finance based indicators such as Return on Investment (ROI). One of the most efficient model followed is the Jack Phillips ROI Model, which mainly helped in defining the business impact regarding organizations economic profitability. The model focused towards the monetization of the results associated with a particular training program by surveying the participants. This concept can equally be standard for the current research as determining the ROI for the employees would help to highlight towards the performance of the employees. Thus, the researcher can quickly determine the influence of effective learning protocol associated with the performance of an employee (Ismail Velnampy, 2012). 2. The Role of e-learning, Instructor-led Class or blended learning on Employee Performance Considering to the first article, i.e. Impact of Collaborative Leadership Training on Negotiation Skill Development by Richard A Grover and Dahlia Lynn, it can be analyzed that the researcher has focused towards the numerous leadership development programs. This is mainly targeted in encouraging the leaders to develop their skill and produce effective leadership models. This theory is highly acceptable as leadership plays a crucial role in developing the performance of an employee. Effective leadership qualities and involvement in learning sessions help in improvising the loopholes and thereby maximize the quality of an individual to several folds (Hughes Scholtz, 2015). The second article, i.e. Increasing the impact of a business simulation: The role of reflection by Suzanne Hughes and Frances Scholtz highlights towards the influence of Experimental Learning Theory (ELT) is analyzed. Moreover, Kolbs Cycle for involving the experience, reflection, thinking and acting of the employees is analyzed. The use of Participatory Action Research (PAR) helped the researcher to develop and thereby propose educational initiatives on the employees. Furthermore, the researcher proposed for the model of Integrative Reflection, which analyzed the impact of business simulations to a greater extent. These models can be considered to be an essential part of the current research topic. This is because these models help in monitoring the experience, reflection and thinking ability of an individual, which in turn improvises the performance (Grover Lynn, 2012). The third article of Teaching Entrepreneurship: Impact Of Business Training On Microfinance Clients And Institutions by Dean Karlan and Martin Valdivia, the factors of business training to promote the livelihood of the clients is analyzed thoroughly. This theory is entirely not applicable for the current research topic as it is mainly focused towards the microfinance institutions. Thus, it is based on a certain case and is limited to it considerably. The fourth article, The development of an innovative leadership training programme for European young professionals in times of crisis by Dimitra Iordanogloua, Betty Tsakarestoub, Lida Tsenec, Konstantinos Ioannidis and Nikos Leandros, the researcher have highlighted towards the influence of Leadership Training Programme in order to enhance the leadership skills of the young business leaders. The article is ultimately based on the research survey (primary research analysis), which helped in deducing the relevant data related to the context. It can be analyzed that this article can be reflected in the present context as the involvement of primary research study provides a rapid and efficient outcome associated with an item. Moreover, the concept of leadership plays a crucial role towards the development of efficient performance among the other employees. Thus, the leadership attribute based on learning perspectives for the employees would be highly acceptable for the improvising the p erformance rate of employees and the overall organization (Deschacht Goeman, 2015). The final article The effect of blended learning on course persistence and performance of adult learners: A difference-in-differences analysis by Nick Deschacht and Katie Goeman, the impact of blended learning on the adult learners for academic success. A huge number of tests associated with this context is analyzed, which helps in determining the performance and success rate of the individuals associated with the organization. This theory can be acceptable for the current research study as the factor of adult learners plays a useful role in developing the performance of the person on a massive scale (Carbonne Sabri-Kaci, 2016). 3. Business Impact of Coaching and on the Job Training Based on the literature review of the article Developmental Coaching: Business benefit fact or fad? An evaluative study to explore the impact of coaching in the workplace by Elouise Leonard it can be analyzed that researcher has highlighted towards the concept of coaching. This is considered as a remedial action for the individuals having specific performance gaps and thereby developing them accordingly (Barraket Yousefpour, 2013). The idea of understanding the perception of nature along with the analysis of business analysis is considered thoroughly in this article. This article is highly useful for the current research topic. This is because developing an effective coaching would help an employee to overcome the loopholes associated with him/her. As a result, the person receives the possibility to overcome the challenge systematically and thereby contribute positively towards the organization. Thus, the performance of the entire group would hike significantly. On the other hand, the second article, i.e. Comprehensive Return on Investment Evaluation System for Local Self-government Training in Bosnia And Herzegovina. Case: Project Cycle Management Course by Svend Erik Srensen, it can be analyzed that the method for the usage of Return on Investment (ROI) associated with local self-government training is highlighted efficiently. Identification of the various challenges to identify the impact for accessing relevant data regarding ROI is analyzed thoroughly in the article. This article can be considered relevant to the present research study as ROI is considered as the measuring index to analyze the performance of an employee References Barraket, J., Yousefpour, N. (2013). Evaluation and social impact measurement amongst small to medium social enterprises: Process, purpose and value. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 72(4), 447-458. doi:10.1111/1467-8500.12042 Carbonne, B., Sabri-Kaci, I. (2016). Assessment of an e-learning training program for cardiotocography analysis: A multicentre randomized study. European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 197, 111-115. doi:https://dx.doi.org.proxy1.ncu.edu/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.12.001 Dekoulou, P., Trivellas, P. (2015). Measuring the impact of learning organization on job satisfaction and individual performance in Greek advertising sector.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 175(-), 367-375. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1212 Deschacht, N., Goeman, K. (2015). The effect of blended learning on course persistence and performance of adult learners: A difference-in-differences analysis. Computers Education, 87, 83-89. doi:https://dx.doi.org.proxy1.ncu.edu/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.03.020 Grover, R. A., Lynn, D. (2012). Impact of collaborative leadership training on negotiation skill development. Competition Forum, 10(2), 5-14. Retrieved from https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=s3hAN=82608760site=ehost-live Hughes, S., Scholtz, F. (2015). Increasing the impact of a business simulation: The role of reflection. International Journal of Management Education, 13, 350-361. doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2015.06.001 Iordanoglou, D., Tsakarestou, B., Tsene, L., Ioannidis, K., Leandros, N. (2014). The development of an innovative leadership training programme for european young professionals in times of Crisis1. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 156(-2014), 102-105. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.11.128 Ismail, Velnampy, T. (2012). Evaluation of corporate performances (cp) in public health service organizations (phso) in eastern province of sri lanka using balanced score card (bsc): A conceptual study. Annamalai International Journal of Business Studies Research, 4(1), 55-61. Retrieved from https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bthAN=89596923site=ehost-live Karlan, D., Valdivia, M. (2011). Teaching entrepreneurship: Impact of business training on microfinance clients and institutions. Review of Economics Statistics, 93(2), 510-527. Retrieved from https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bthAN=60276799site=ehost-live Leonard-Cross, E. (2010). Developmental coaching: Business benefit -- fact or fad? an evaluative study to explore the impact of coaching in the workplace. International Coaching Psychology Review, 5(1), 36-47. Retrieved from https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=s3hAN=48188707site=ehost-live Srensen, S. E. (2015). Comprehensive return on investment evaluation system for local self-government training in Bosnia and Herzegovina. case: Project cycle management course. Performance Improvement, 54(1), 14-27. doi:10.1002/pfi.21449 Stuart, A. (2014). A blended learning approach to safety training: Student experiences of safe work practices and safety culture. Safety Science, 62, 409-417. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2013.10.005 Sunardi, O., Widyarini, M., Tjakraatmadja, J. (2012). The impact of sales forces training program to employees behaviour styles (A Quasi-experimental Case Study In a Medium Sized Enterprise). Procedia Economics And Finance, 4, 264-273. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(12)00341-3 vanRooij, S. W., Merkebu, J. (2015). Measuring the business impact of employee learning: A view from the professional services sector. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 26(3), 275-297. doi:10.1002/hrdq.21211

GRENDEL & FRANKENSTEIN AN ANALYSIS OF THE TWO MONSTERS AND THEIR SUPER

GRENDEL GRENDEL In the desert I saw a creature, naked, bestial, Who, squatting upon the ground, Held his heart in his hands, And ate of it. I said, "Is it good friend?" "It is bitter-bitter," he answered; "But I like it Because it is bitter And because it is my heart." -Stephen Crane This reflects how both Grendel and Frankenstein must have felt during their lonely lives. "Seeking friends, the fiends found enemies; seeking hope, they found hate"(Neilson back page). The monsters simply want to live as the rest of us live. But, in our prejudice of their kind, we banish them from our elite society. Who gave society the right to judge who is acceptable and who is not? A better question might be, who is going to stop them? The answer, no one. Therefore, society continues to alienate the undesirables of our community. Some of the greatest minds of all time have been socially unacceptable. Albert Eins tein lived alone and rarely wore the same color socks. Van Gogh found comfort only in his art, and the woman who consistently denied his passion. Edgar Allen Poe was "different" to say the least. Just like these great men, Grendel and Frankenstein do not conform to the societal model. Also like these men, Grendel and Frankenstein are uniquely superior to the rest of mankind. Their superiority is seen through their guile to live in a society that ostracizes their kind, their true heroism in place of society's romantic view, and the ignorance on which society's opinion of them is formed. Grendel, though he needs to kill to do so, functions very well in his own sphere. Grendel survives in a hostile climate where he is hated and feared by all. He lives in a cave protected by firesnakes so as to physically, as well as spiritually, separate himself from the society that detests, yet admires, him. Grendel is "the brute existent by which [humankind] learns to define itself"(Gardner 73) . Hrothgar's thanes continually try to extinguish Grendel's infernal rage, while he simply wishes to live in harmony with them. Like Grendel, Frankenstein also learns to live in a society that despises his kind. Frankenstein also must kill, but this is only in response to the people's abhorrence of him. Ironically, the very doctor who bore him now searches the globe seeking Frankenstein's destruction. Even the ever-loving paternal figure now turns away from this outcast from society. Frankenstein journeys to the far reaches of the world to escape from the societal ills that cause society to hate him. He ventures to the harshest, most desolate, most uninhabitable place known to man, the north pole. He lives in isolation, in the cold acceptance of the icy glaciers. Still, Dr. Frankenstein follows, pushing his creation to the edge of the world, hoping he would fall off, never to be seen or heard from again. Frankenstein flees from his father until the Doctor's death, where Franke nstein joins his father in the perpetual, silent acceptance of death. Frankenstein never makes an attempt to become one with society, yet he is finally accepted by the captain to whom he justifies his existence. Frankenstein tracks Dr. Frankenstein as to better explain to himself the nature of own being by understanding the life of his creator. "Unstoppable, [Frankenstein] travels to the ends of the earth to destroy [his] creator, by destroying everyone [Dr.] Frankenstein loved" (Shelley afterword). As the captain listens to Frankenstein's story, he begins to understand his plight. He accepts Frankenstein as a reluctant, yet devoted, servant to his master. Granted that Frankenstein does not "belong," he is accepted with admiration by the captain. The respect that Frankenstein has longed for is finally given to him as he announces his suicide in the name of his father, the late Dr. Frankenstein. On the other hand, Grendel makes numerous attempts to assimilate into society, b ut he is repeatedly turned back. Early in his life, Grendel dreams of associating with Hrothgar's great warriors. Nightly, Grendel goes down to the meadhall to listen to Hrothgar's stories

Free Essays on Buddhist

like Spanish or Italian. For the language itself, the Chinese language is very different then any other language in the word. But u can say the same thing for every other language in the word because not one language is the same. But still the Chinese language is still very strange. The Chinese language is spoken in a lot of smaller Chinese languages but not as well known like mandarin and Cantonese. For example most people from Taiwan, which is the republic of china, speaks Taiwanese also. But still most Chinese peopl... Free Essays on Buddhist Free Essays on Buddhist The country being studied now is China. China’s culture is very different from the other types of cultures of the world. I picked this country because it is where my parents and family was born, this is giving me a chance to explore my roots and see where my family had experienced while they were there growing up. The Chinese language is very different from English or Spanish or most countries around the world. Because even if you have the word on a piece of paper you might not even know what it means. But if someone says the word out loud then people might know how to say it. The form of writing is very complex to write, there are a lot of lines and curves you must write in order to write one word in Chinese. It is even hard to pronounce the Chinese words because some words can sound the same but also mean something completely different. The numbers ancient Chinese people used were not the ones we use in our western civilization, the numbers even looks like the words except t he number of lines drawn to show the number is a lot less. There are actually two types of Chinese characters, the first is the way to pronounce the word itself and this form of Chinese writing is a lot similar to the western civilization’s way of the alphabet. The other form of Chinese writing is the words itself, the words are written very differently then in the western civilizations. The writing doesn’t use our alphabet to make up the words like Spanish or Italian. For the language itself, the Chinese language is very different then any other language in the word. But u can say the same thing for every other language in the word because not one language is the same. But still the Chinese language is still very strange. The Chinese language is spoken in a lot of smaller Chinese languages but not as well known like mandarin and Cantonese. For example most people from Taiwan, which is the republic of china, speaks Taiwanese also. But still most Chinese peopl...

Social Media Analysis and Customer Behaviour Research Proposal

Social Media Analysis and Customer Behaviour - Research Proposal Example With this accessibility and transparency of information the decision making process of the consumer is highly influenced. Traditional methods of advertising through the use of mass media have become highly ineffective as the consumers are eager to seek more information directly from the company. Therefore, companies have to work the market and find out the reception of the consumers to their brand, what influences their decisions positively and negatively (Lee, 2013). In this paper we shall examine the influence of social networks on the decision of a buyer. The first segments will presents an introduction to the chosen theme which includes the background and statement of the problem, the objectives and significance of the study, in the next chapter relevant information on literature review will be clearly provided from previous specialized studies. The third chapter will describes the research methodology and data analysis and final conclusions of the study. Marketing was done mainly through the mass media, advertisements would run on televisions and announced on the radios. Telemarketers would call consumers to market their brands and offer promotion services. This was all done beforeinvent of the online platform. The consumers would rely on the information offered by the manufacturers on the advertisements about the products.In the 20th century the internet was in full force and various social sites would connect people online, through easily- accessible and innovative features various social sites have linked people from different places in the world and has helped the layman connect with professionals. The use of mobile based platforms has increased the online presence of consumers as most people subscribe to different social sites. Companies have embraced this trend and established multiple accounts that offer customers services to their consumers. The online presence has made today’s consumer more divulging with

Identify the key reasons for privatisation of public utilities or Essay - 1

Identify the key reasons for privatisation of public utilities or institutions and discuss the likely effects in Australia - Essay Example o gradually privatise a large number of its public utilities particularly within the three sectors known as the: (1) financial services; (2) electricity and gas; and (3) transport and communication (Reserve Bank of Australia Bulletin, 1997, p. 7). Basically, there is absolutely nothing wrong with privatising public enterprises especially when there is a strong need for the government to come up with large amount of money to finance the development of public infrastructure or given that the government is no longer capable of properly managing a business enterprise. However, it is also possible for the entire society to experience economic and social problems given that the selling of public utility to the hands of the private sector heavily involves infrastructure (Strachan, 1998). To enable the readers to have a better understanding why the Australian Government heavily relied on privatisation back in the 1990s, the key reasons behind the privatisation of public utilities in Australia will be thoroughly discussed. In the process of going through the main discussion, the possible consequences or effects of implementing the privatisation of public utilities in Australia will be tackled followed by demonstrating real-life examples to support the student’s point-of-view. As part of the conclusion, whether or not the key reasons behind the privatisation of public utilities in Australia can be considered as a good political strategy in terms of being able to provide the general public with affordable and good quality services will be justified. For many years, Australians had become very dependent on the Australian government when it comes to the delivery of good quality public services. As part of considering the social welfare of the general public, the government had to spend a large sum of money to improve the public utility services without overcharging the people with the quality services they receive. Partly because of globalization and the limited amount of

Strategies to Lower Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions

Strategies to Lower Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions Carbon dioxide emissions from Annex I countries have established since 1990 but are growing rapidly in developing countries (non Annex I countries) at a rate of approximately 4% per year which is reflected in the world emissions which are growing roughly 600 million tons of CO2 per year. Carbon dioxide emissions are the dominant component of greenhouse gas emissions, but represented in 2006 only 69,6% of the total emissions. The remaining 30.4% are methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and fluorinated gases with high global warming potential (GWP) which are: SF6 (sulphur hexafluoride), HFCs (hydrofluorcarbons) and PFCs (perfluorcarbons). (Figure 4). Usually one expresses GHG emissions in CO2 equivalent. Total emissions in 2005 were approximately 45 Gtons of CO2.equivalent of which 30 Gtons of CO2. To reduce CO2 and other GHG emissions became thus one of the most urgent tasks we are facing today. There are two approaches to handle this problem: use energy more efficiently, consequently emitting less CO2 and extending the life of fossil fuels reserves. increase the contribution of renewable energies in the world energy matrix National governments as well as some sectors of the productive system (industry, transportation, residential and others) can adopt these solutions in differentiated degrees. In industrialized countries, which have already reached a high level of energy consumption per capita, energy efficiency is the low hanging fruit approach that can be more easily implemented. Renewable energies can also play a significant role. In developing countries where energy consumption per capita is low, and the need for the growth for energies services is inevitable, it can be done incorporating early, in the process of development, clean and efficient technologies as well as renewable energies, following a different path than that done in the past by todays industrialized countries We will discuss hereafter the potential of energy efficiency, renewable energies and emissions trading schemes in achieving the objectives of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. RENEWABLE ENERGIES Table I lists the renewable energy used in the world at the end of 2008 by all types of renewable sources, as well their yearly growth rates. Traditional biomass is left out of this table because it is used mainly in rural areas as cooking fuel or charcoal in ways that are frequently non renewable, leading to deforestation and soil degradation Renewables (including large hydro) represented, in 2008, approximately 5% of the world?s total primary energy consumption but are growing at a rate of 6.3% per year while total primary energy supply is growing at a smaller rate of approximately 2% per year. Taking into account the appropriate efficiency and capacity factors* the numbers in Table I can be converted into the total primary energy contribution from renewables (Table II) and Figure 6. An extrapolation of the contribution of renewables up to 2030 on the basis of the rates of growth in the last 10 years is shown in Figure 7. To give an idea of the effort that would be needed to curb CO2 emissions up to 2050 the IEA produced recently two scenarios of what would be required in terms of renewables in the electricity sector. The results are shown in Table III. In the IEA Scenarios nuclear energy and coal and gas fired thermal power plants (with carbon capture and storage CCS) are included. These numbers are very large but give an idea of the effort required to prevent a catastrophic climate change. The main policy instruments used to accelerate the introduction of renewables in the energy system of a number of countries are feed in tariffs and renewable portfolio standards (RPS) Feed-in tariffs: this is a policy adopted by governments to accelerate the introduction of renewable energy sources in their matrixes. Power companies are obliged to buy renewable energy from independent producers, at a fixed price above the average cost of production. These incremental costs of renewable energy over fossil fuels can be transferred to consumers. Germany has had striking success with feed-in tariffs over the last two decades, supplying 15% of its energy needs through renewable sources. The German approach involves guaranteed fixed payments for 20 years designed to deliver a profit of 7 to 9 percent. The rates charged vary by energy source and are tied to the cost of production. The rates paid for new contracts decline annually, forcing the green energy sector to innovate. Renewable Portfolio Standards: such approach places an obligation on electricity supply companies to produce a specified fraction of their electricity from renewable energy sources (typically 10-20%). Certified renewable energy generators earn certificates for every unit of electricity they produce and can sell these along with their electricity to supply companies. RPS-type mechanisms have been adopted in the UK, Italy and Belgium, as well as in 27 States in the US and the District of Columbia. Regulations vary from state to state, and there is no federal policy. Four of the 27 states have voluntary rather than mandatory goals. Together these 27 states account for more than 42 percent of the electricity sales in the country. Renewable energies are being introduced in a significant way in many countries particularly in Europe in the form of distributed generation* ( ) (mostly renewable) which seems to be the approach to be used in large scale in the future. (Figure 8) ENERGY EFFICIENCY The amount of energy required to provide the energy services needed depends on the efficiency with which the energy is produced, delivered and used. Gains in energy efficiency are usually measured by indicators, one of which is called energy intensity and defined as the energy necessary (E) per unit of gross domestic product (GDP). I = E/GDP Reduction in the energy intensity over time indicate that the same amount of GDP is obtained with a smaller energy input as shown in Figure 9. In terms of CO2 emissions for the OECD countries means a reduction of emissions of roughly 350 million tons of CO2 per year. The reasons for such decline are a combination of the following factors. structural changes in industrialized and transition countries which can come from increased recycling and substitution of energy-intensive materials improved material efficiency and intensified use of durable and investment goods, shifts to services and less energy-intensive industrial production, and saturation effects in the residential and transportation sectors (i.e., a limit to the number of cars, refrigerators, television sets, etc., that a society can absorb). Since more than 80% of the energy used in the world today comes from fossil fuels the reduction in energy intensity is reflected in a reduction in carbon intensity (I=CO2/GDP) which is shown in Figure 11. As can be seem there is a steady decline in the carbon intensity in OECD countries. In non-OECD countries there was also a decline but it has stabilized after the year 2000. Over the next twenty years the amount of primary energy required for a given level of energy services could be cost-effectively reduced by 25 to 35 percent in industrialized countries. Reductions of more than 40 percent are cost-effectively achievable in transitional economies within the next two decades. In most developing countries ? which tend to have high economic growth and old capital and vehicle stocks ? the cost-effective improvement potential ranges from 30 to more than 45 percent, relative to energy efficiencies achieved with existing capital stock. The combined result of structural changes and efficiency improvements could accelerate the annual decline in energy intensity to perhaps 2.5 percent. How much of this potential will be realized depends on the effectiveness of policy frameworks and measures, changes in attitude and behavior, as well as the level of entrepreneurial activity in energy conservation and material efficiency. Standards (e.g., building codes; well-informed consumers, planners, and decision makers; motivated operators; market-based incentives such as certificate markets; and an adequate payments system ( ) for energy) are central to the successful implementation of energy efficiency improvements. EMISSIONS TRADING In addition to national efforts to curb GHG emissions through increased energy efficiency measures and the use of renewable energy source trading emissions is a strategy used to control pollution by providing incentive s for achieving reductions in the emission of pollutants. Usually it is called a ?cap and trade? system and the way is works is the following: A central authority (usually a government or international body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that can be emitted. Companies or other groups are issued emission permits and are required to hold an equivalent number of allowances (or credits) which represent the right to emit a specific amount. The total amount of allowances and credits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Companies that need to increase their emission allowances must buy credits from those who pollute less. The transfer of allowances is referred to as a trade. In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller is being rewarded for having reduced emissions. An early example of an emission trading system has been the SO2 trading system under the framework of the Acid Rain Program of the 1990 Clean Air Act in the U.S. Under the program, which is essentially a cap-and-trade emissions trading system, SO2 emissions were reduced by 50 percent from 1980 leve ls by 2007. Some experts argue that the cap and trade system of SO2 emissions reduction has reduced the cost of controlling acid rain by as much as 80 percent versus source-by-source reduction?.( ) At the international level the Kyoto Protocol (KP) adopted in 1997 and which came into force in 2005, binds most developed nations to a cap and trade system for the six major greenhouse gases. In spite of being a signatory of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the United States is the only industrialized nation (i.e., under the KP Annex I) which has not ratified and therefore is not bound by it. Emission quotas were agreed by each participating country, with the intention of reducing their overall emissions by 5.2% of their 1990 levels by the end of 2012. Under the Treaty, for the 5-year compliance period from 2008 until 2012, nations that emit less than their quota will be able to sell emission credits to nations that exceed their quota through use of the following flexibility mechanisms: Joint Implementation projects (JI) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) International Emissions Trading (IET). The second commitment period of the KP, together with a long-term cooperative action under the UNFCCC, will be discussed by nations at the end of 2009. THE EUROPEAN UNION EMISSIONS TRADING SCHEME (EU ETS) The European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) is the largest multi-national, emissions trading scheme in the world, and is a major pillar of EU climate policy. Under the EU ETS, the governments of the EU Member States agree on national emission caps which have to be approved by the EU commission, allocate allowances to their industrial operators, track and validate the actual emissions in accordance against the relevant assigned amount. In the first phase (2005-2007), the EU ETS includes some 12,000 installations, representing approximately 40% of EU CO2 emissions, (2.4 billion tons of CO2 equivalent) covering energy activities (combustion installations with a rated thermal input exceeding 20 MW, mineral oil refineries, coke ovens, production and processing of ferrous metals, mineral industry (cement clinker, glass and ceramic bricks) and pulp, paper and board activities. The scheme, in which all 15 member states that were then members of the European Union participated, nominally commenced operation on January 1st, 2005, although national registries were unable to settle transactions for the first few months. The first trading period of the EU ETS ran for three years, from January 1st, 2005 until the end of 2007. With its termination first phase allowances became invalid. The goal of the trial period was primarily to gain experience with key elements of the trading system in order to have a fully operational system for 2008-2012 when compliance with binding reductions would be required under the Kyoto Protocol. (Table IV) The price of allowances increased more or less steadily to its peak level in April 2006 of about ?30 per tonne CO2, but fell in May 2006 to under ?10/ton on news that some countries were likely to give their industries such generous emission caps that there was no need for them to reduce emissions. When the publication of 2005 verified emissions data in May 2006 highlighted this over-allocation, the market reacted by substantially lowering the price of allowances. Prices dropped precipitously to ?1.2 a tonne in March 2007, declining to ?0.10 in September 2007, because allowances could not be carried over or ?banked? and used in the next trading period. Although the first phase ended disastrously, because the allowances could not be banked to the next phase, it did not impact on the prices for contracts for 2008, the first year of the second phase. Market participants knew already in 2007 that phase II would be more stringent in relation to the cap and less lenient in relation to allowances, which explains the high prices for 2008 allowances. The first EU ETS Trading Period expired in December 2007. Since January 2008, the second Trading Period is under way which will last until December 2012. Currently, the installations get the allowances for free from the EU member states governments. Besides receiving this initial allocation on a plant-by-plant basis, an operator may purchase EU allowances from others (installations, traders, the government). In January 2008, the European Commission proposed a number of changes to the scheme, including centralized allocation (no more national allocation plans) by an EU authority, a turn to auctioning a greater share (60+ %) of permits rather than allocating freely, and inclusion of other greenhouse gases, such as nitrous oxide and per-fluorocarbons. These changes are still in a draft stage; the mentioned amendments are only likely to become effective from January 2013 onwards, i.e. in the third Trading Period under the EU ETS. Also, the proposed caps for the third Trading Period foresee an overall reduction of greenhouse gases for the sector of 21% in 2020 compared to 2005 emissions. The EU ETS has recently been extended to the airline industry as well, but these changes will not take place until 2012. In addition, the third trading period will be both more economically efficient and environmentally effective. It will be more efficient because trading periods will be longer (8 years instead of 5 years), and a substantial increase in the amount of auctioning (from less than 4% in phase 2 to more than half in phase 3). The environmental effectiveness will be guaranteed by a robust and annually declining emissions cap (21% reduction in 2020 compared to 2005) and a centralized allocation process within the European Commission. A robust secondary market for carbon certificates exists through which investors bank on the future value of the EU ETS certificates changing many times. However the ETS doesn?t include transport, thus this action is limited to industrial process and energy sector. JOINT IMPLEMENTATION (JI) Joint implementation is one of flexibility mechanisms set forth in the Kyoto Protocol to help countries with binding greenhouse gas emissions targets (so-called Annex I countries) meet their obligations. In this mechanism any Annex I countries can invest in emission reduction projects (referred to as Joint Implementation Projects) in any other Annex I country as an alternative to reducing emissions domestically. In this way countries can lower the costs of complying with their Kyoto targets by investing in greenhouse gas reductions in an Annex I country where reductions are cheaper, and then applying the credit for those reductions towards their commitment goal. The process of receiving credit for JI projects is somewhat complex. Emission reductions are awarded credits called Emission Reduction Units (ERUs), where one ERU represents an emission reduction equaling one tonne of CO2 equivalent. The ERUs come from the host countrys pool of assigned emissions credits, known as Assigned Amount Units, or AAUs ( ). After a long preparatory process JI projects began to take shape. As of June 2009, 207 projects have been submitted. If all implemented they will lead to emissions reduction of 338,048 million times CO2 equivalent in the period 2008-2012. The great majority of the projects are in the Russian Federation and Eastern European countries. The number of JI projects by type is given in Figure 14. So far the only certificates issued (ERUs) emissions reduction units are 651 thousand CO2 equivalent for coal bed/mine methane. CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM) The Clean Development Mechanism is an arrangement under the Kyoto Protocol allowing industrialized countries with a greenhouse gas reduction commitment (called Annex B countries) to invest in projects that reduce emissions in developing countries as an alternative to more expensive emission reductions in their own countries. A crucial feature of an approved CDM carbon project is that it has established that the planned reductions would not occur without the additional incentive provided by emission reductions credits, a concept known as additionality. The CDM allows net global greenhouse gas emissions to be reduced at a much lower global cost by financing emissions reduction projects in developing countries where costs are lower than in industrialized countries. The CDM is supervised by the CDM Executive Board (CDM EB) and is under the guidance of the Conference of the Parties (COP/MOP) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). By June 1 2009, 4,417 projects have been submitted which if all implemented correspond to 2,931,813 million tons of CO2 equivalent. It represents roughly 1% of the total necessary effort to curb GHG emissions until 2050. Roughly 75% of the CDM projects are in China. In contrast to emissions trading schemes which are actively traded in the stock market JI and CDM are project-based transaction. THE STIMULUS PACKAGE A significant amount of the stimulus package adopted by a number of governments to face the financial crisis of 2007/2008 is made of investments in so called ?green? activities. They amount to 6% of the total recovery packages announced by governments (US$184.9billion dollars). (Figure 17) China and the US remain the leaders, in nominal terms, of the green stimuli activities, earmarking US$ 68.7 billion and US$ 66.6 billion respectively. The sector break-down shows that energy efficiency (Figure 18) remains at the heart of the low-carbon fiscal stimuli. Accounting for as much as 36% of the total US$ 184.9 billion, the sector will receive a boost of some US$ 65.7 billion globally, mainly via building efficiency projects. In addition to that, US$ 7.9 billion has been announced for research and development in energy efficiency. The second major winner is electricity grid infrastructure. More than US$ 48.7 billion has been earmarked for its development and upgrade, accounting for some 26% of the total funds. The Department of Energy has already disbursed US$ 41.9 million in grants for fuel cell energy projects. Furthermore, US$ 101.5 million has been directed to wind energy research and detailed plans have been disclosed on US$ 2.4 billion to be spent on carbon capture and storage and US$ 4 billion for grid upgrades. Details of almost US$ 1.3 billion, out of US$ 2 billion to support energy science research, have also been confirmed and there are now only some US$ 725 million remaining to be allocated.

European History - The Renaissance in Italy :: European Europe History

The Renaissance in Italy The Italian Renaissance was called the beginning of the modern age. The word Renaissance itself is derived from the Latin word rinascere, which means to be reborn. Many dramatic changes occurred during this time in the fields of philosophy, art, politics, and literature. New emphasis was placed on enjoying life and the world around you. Talented individuals sought self-gratification through art, literature, and architecture, and their achievments would influence future generations for centuries to come. This great new movement was originated and centered in Italy, and without Italian contribution, would never have launched European society into the dawning of a new era. At the beginning of the Renaissance, Italy was divided into some 250 self- governing city-states, ranging from small towns of 2,000 individuals, to some of the largest cities in Europe of that time, such as Florence, Milan, and Venice, each with 100,000 citizens each. These city-states were loosely organized under the Pope, ruling out of Rome, although he had no real political control over the divided Italy. During the mid- 1300s and early 1400s, many large Italian cities came under the control of one family, such as the Visconti and later the Sforza families in Milan. The form of government established by the ruling families of the various Italian cities came to be known as signoria, with the chief official being called the signore. Soon , elaborate court systems, controlled by the ruling families, began to spring up in each city-state. At these courts, leading artists, intellectuals, and politicians gathered under the sponsorship of the signore and families. Other city states had a form of republicanism, such as Florence and Venice did. In these cities, a group of upper class families controlled the government, and often looked down upon the common residents of the town, considering them to be inferior. A Venetian observer wrote about Florence during this time: "They are never content with their constitution, they are never quiet, and it seems that this city always desires change of constitution as so the government changes every fifteen years"(Cole p.218) In Florence, which is perhaps considered the most important center of Renaissance learning in history, the Medici family dominated the ruling class. Under Medici domination, Florence became a signorial power and a cultural gem stone. It was during the reign of Lorenzo de' Medici , that many great painters, sculptors, and architects flocked to the Medici family looking for sponsorship, knowing that Lorenzo was a great supporter of the arts.

Erikson’s Timeline Essay

Erikson’s Timeline Erik Erikson’s approach to personality development is different from Jane Loevinger’s theory. Although their approaches are different their perspectives corresponds in how human individuality develop across the lifespan. Loevingers theory brings attention to how people perceive their experiences and make sense of them; whereas, Erikson’s psychosocial development is focused more on the â€Å"what† instead of the â€Å"how. † He questions what types of psychosocial dilemmas a person confronts in his or her lifetime. Erikson proposes that important facets of human individuality are best understood in developmental time. Adolescence and young adulthood is the fifth stage in Erikson’s developmental design. This stage of identity versus role confusion is a period of immense questioning. Generativity versus stagnation is the seventh stage in Erikson’s developmental design. It is the period that comes after young adulthood but before the â€Å"senior† years (McAdams, 2006). One important characteristics of Generativity versus stagnation is the need to care for and be needed by others. I am experiencing this stage. Other characteristics of generative expression are bringing up children with good character and integrity, and the need to pass on family values to the next generation (McAdams, 2006). How I can leave a legacy for succeeding generations is the central questionposed during this period in my life. â€Å"How can I fashion a gift†? (McAdams, 2006, p. 348). I have sought to answer that question in several ways. I have been keeping a journal for the past 10 years because I want to share significant peak experiences with my children, grandchildren, and succeeding generations. I want them to know my challenges, my successes, and my insights into major life events. Further, I can continue the legacy my parents and grandparents passed down to me by teaching my offspring how to make quilts, my grandmother’s favorite pie, and quote my father’s favorite poems. My son, David is in the adolescence and young adult stage. He is a young father of a 16 month old boy. The psychosocial issue of this stage is identity versus role confusion. This stage is characterized by questioning â€Å"who am I† and â€Å"how do I fit in this adult world† Additionally, David is questioning â€Å"what type of parent am I† and, â€Å"how will I raise my son. †He is questioning the values and beliefs taught to him during childhood. David’s desire to express his unique â€Å"self† seems to be in conflict with his desire to conform to what his family, and society in general expects of him (McAdams, 2006). David recently informed his father and me that he will not â€Å"force† his son to go to church or be a part of organized religion. He expressed his displeasure with hypocritical leadership in churches and the old-fashioned principles they teach. Although his young family does not attend church, I have observed David reading his son bible stories and singing biblical songs to his son that we taught him. He seems to be resolving his conflict by deciding which values and traditions he will relinquish and which ones he will pass on to his son. In Erik Erikson’s Generativity versus stagnation stage adults feel the need to be needed and the need to care for others.

Civil War the Untold Truth - 1677 Words

The Civil War started in 1861, and though it was more than a century ago, there is still controversy and many questions arising about the subject. What were they really fighting over? Should the South have been able to succeed? What were the Souths true reasons for succeeding? Was the Norths only reason to go to war to free the slaves? Were Slaves truly treated as cruelly as we are to believe they were? Did the Abolitionists have other motives hidden behind tightly shut doors, which were not made public? These are only a few questions people want to know the answers to regarding the Americans War against themselves. Some of these questions are hard to give a definite answer to, and say what is exactly is correct.†¦show more content†¦The South is always looked on as if the only reason they wanted war was to be able to keep their slaves; they wanted slavery and being able to own someone elses gave them a thrill. This is another lie. The attitude of the South has nev er been well understood because the insistence of the abolitionists upon instant and unconditional emancipation forcing the South to defend slavery whereas the South most wanted an end to it. No practical plan for ending slavery was being proposed by anybody, perhaps because there was none. Cool heads might have worked out a plan for some kind of gradual emancipation, which could have been preparation for the impact of farm machinery later on; but there could be few cool heads in the climate created by radical, fanatical abolition. The South should have been able to succeed if they wanted to. There was no where were it said once a State became part of the Union it had to stay. On the contrary, it says that if a State feels as if it needs to leave the Union, the State may do so. The North was in the wrong for forcing the South to stay. The Constitution states that all men are equal, and the abolitionists were trying to get that point across in freeing the slaves; but the South w as not being treated equal. They were being over-taxed forShow MoreRelated Essay on Whitman’s Bivouac on a Mountain Side1156 Words   |  5 PagesBivouac on a Mountain Sidenbsp;nbsp; nbsp; First published after the conclusion of the Civil War in 1865, Walt Whitman’s poem â€Å"Bivouac on a Mountain Side† portrays more than just the tangible picture of a transcendentalist’s vision. 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